Teeth are generally absent from the dental arch, either for prolonged periods or as a result of disease, of which cavities and periodontal degradation are the most common. absent should always be replaced, there are many occasions when this is desirable to improve appearance, chewing or speech function, or sometimes to avoid harmful changes to the dental arches, such as over-eruption or tilting / tooth drift. The loss of teeth is also followed by resorption of the alveolar bone, which worsens the resulting tissue deficit.
In most countries with oral health services, a considerable component of the dental team’s work is directed towards preventing tooth loss, repairing damaged teeth and replacing missing ones. their supporting tissues. because the loss of teeth has been largely limited to the use of completed splices; however, in the dentate part there are more potential treatments, as a variety of techniques can be used to stabilize dentures by bonding them to natural teeth. Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are widely used due to their versatility and can provide effective long-term results under the wrong circumstances. However, they suffer from being relatively bulky, Frequently require metal components, which can be difficult to conceal, are removable by the patient and are inherently less stable than a fixed bridge which is permanently attached to one or more teeth. These can be based either on traditional designs involving intensive preparation of the abutment teeth or on more modern and less destructive adhesive techniques. In general, RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint. which may be difficult to conceal, are removable by the patient, and are inherently less stable than a fixed bridge which is permanently attached to one or more teeth. These can be based either on traditional designs involving intensive preparation of the abutment teeth or on more modern and less destructive adhesive techniques. In general, RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint. which may be difficult to conceal, are removable by the patient, and are inherently less stable than a fixed bridge which is permanently attached to one or more teeth. These can be based either on traditional designs involving intensive preparation of the abutment teeth or on more modern and less destructive adhesive techniques. In general, RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint. are removable by the patient and are inherently less stable than a fixed bridge which is permanently attached to one or more teeth. These can be based either on traditional designs involving intensive preparation of the abutment teeth or on more modern and less destructive adhesive techniques. In general, RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint. are removable by the patient and are inherently less stable than a fixed bridge which is permanently attached to one or more teeth. These can be based either on traditional designs involving intensive preparation of the abutment teeth or on more modern and less destructive adhesive techniques. In general, RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint. These can be based either on traditional designs involving intensive preparation of the abutment teeth or on more modern and less destructive adhesive techniques. In general, RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint. These can be based either on traditional designs involving intensive preparation of the abutment teeth or on more modern and less destructive adhesive techniques. In general, RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint. RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint. RPDs are used to manage significant tooth loss or alveolar resorption and where the relative simplicity of fabrication and replacement has advantages. Fixed restorations are generally less versatile and more expensive to provide, but have advantages related to their stability and small footprint.
Clinicians have long sought to provide their patients with an artificial analogue of natural teeth, and a wide variety of materials and techniques have been used for this. However, it was not possible to replicate the periodontal tissues and therefore alternative strategies were adopted. These were based on the principles of creating and maintaining an interface between the implant and the surrounding bone, capable of transmitting the load, associated with adjacent healthy tissues, with a predictable result and a high success rate. until the discovery of the phenomenon of osseointegration.
Dental implant body
This term describes the component placed in the bone, which is sometimes also referred to as an implant, fixation, or implant fixation. Sometimes the term is used colloquially to describe both the endosseous component and the parts placed immediately on top. The preferred term for the endosseous component is “dental implant body”, or “implant body” where its application is clear from the context. The majority of dental implants are designed to be placed in holes drilled in the bone and are therefore axisymmetric. Many are screw-shaped, as this contributes to primary stability, and are inserted into threaded holes. When the bone has a low density, it can lead to poor stability and so some designs incorporate self-tapping features to overcome this problem.
In addition to screw threads, other surface features can be included for the purpose of improving RO. Among these, mention may be made of macro-surface irregularities and porous metallic and ceramic coatings, generally made of hydroxyapatite. These features generally also improve retention, which is important because an osteo-integrated smooth titanium surface has a low shear strength. The implant can either be of a multi-part design, which is intended to be buried during surgery. OI, or a one-piece design, which penetrates the mucosa upon placement. The multipart designs incorporate various mechanical linkages to facilitate the joining of different components and the mechanical integrity of the seal. These typically include a hex socket on a component to provide resistance to rotation, or a taper seal to provide both this and a seal. The joint is usually held closed by a screw, although some manufacturers employ a fastener. After placing a buried implant, it is customary to insert a cover screw into its central hole to prevent tissue penetration and bone growth on top of the implant body.
Cover screw
This is placed at the time of first stage surgery and removed when locating the abutments. When the implant body is not internally threaded, the description “screw” is inappropriate. Although the term “dental implant obturator” has been proposed, the term “cover screw”
Transmucosal abutment (TMA)
This is used to connect the implant body to the prosthesis, and can also be called an implant abutment. The proposed standard term is “dental implant connection component”. These parts have gone from a simple cylindrical device to a family of components essentially of four types: cylindrical, shouldered, angled and customizable. They are usually, but not exclusively, CPTi, and come in a range of lengths and, in the case of the stepped design, shoulder heights. Cylindrical designs are used where the aspect of the denture lining needs to be placed some distance above the oral lining to facilitate cleaning, this is called the “oil rig” design. Although this discrepancy can be inconvenient for some patients, it is not normally evident that the adjacent lip is long and can undoubtedly facilitate cleaning. Shoulder designs allow the prosthesis to end at or below the “gum margins”, providing a contoured profile. emergence of more natural appearance for the superstructure. They conform to have a stylistically similar configuration to a crown preparation on a natural tooth, with a narrow shoulder topped by a largely tapered profile. As the components are prefabricated, certain constraints are imposed on their applications; in particular, the shoulder is often at the same height around the pillar. Most manufacturers offer a range of shoulder lengths and heights to suit different clinical situations.
Since bone anatomy places constraints on the location and orientation of a dental implant, there are situations where the crown on the superstructure must have a long axis markedly different from that of the implant. This can be managed with an angled abutment in which the long axes of the connecting surfaces, towards the implant and the crown, are divergent. Some models appear less suitable for use with single teeth, as they are vulnerable to sub-occlusive rotational loads. In addition, the divergence imposes a minimum shoulder height on the exterior appearance.
